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The Missing Dollar (illustration)
FILE No.61Unsolved

The Missing Dollar

Difficulty ★☆☆about 4 minLogic PuzzleArithmetic trapFollowing the money
Three guests pay $9 each, the waiter keeps $2. That makes $29. Where did the other dollar go?

Case Record

Three guests ate at a restaurant. The bill was $25, but at the register the three each handed over $10, $30 in total.

The manager told the waiter, "The bill is $25, so give back $5." The waiter pocketed $2 of the $5 and returned $1 to each guest, $3 in total.

Each guest has now paid $10 - $1 = $9, so $27 in total. The waiter kept $2. $27 + $2 = $29. That is one dollar short of the original $30.

Your question

Did a dollar really disappear? Where did it go?

Case Files

Evidence

Diagram

The full accountingDestinationAmountThe restaurant (bill)$25The waiter's pocket$2Returned to guests$3Total$30It matches the original $30 exactly.
Diagram

Timeline

  1. The guests hand over $30.
  2. The waiter returns $1 to each guest.

Hints

If you get stuck, open the hints one at a time, in order.

Open hint 1

What is the $27 made up of?

Open hint 2

Is the waiter's $2 already inside that $27?

Open hint 3

Write out where each of the $30 went.

Solve It

Your question

Did a dollar really disappear? Where did it go?

Choose the answer closest to the truth.

Share: I'm solving this

The Truth

Adding the $2 to $27 is the mistake; nothing actually vanished

The answer is: adding the $2 to $27 is the mistake; nothing actually vanished.

The $27 paid by the guests consists of the $25 bill and the $2 kept by the waiter. The waiter's $2 is already included in the $27, so adding it again is double-counting.

The correct check: $27 - $2 = $25 (the bill). Or: $25 (bill) + $2 (waiter) + $3 (returned to guests) = $30, exactly the original amount.

What is inside $27The guests paid: $9 x 3 = $27Inside: bill $25 + waiter $2 = $27The $2 is already in the $27. Adding it again is the error
Diagram of the solution

Key Points

  • Ask whether a number should be added or subtracted
  • Track money by where it came from and where it went
  • Check that the total returns to the starting amount

Why people get fooled

The equation "$27 + $2 = $29" looks reasonable at first, but it counts the waiter's $2 twice.

Similar tricks

  • The track-the-money type
  • The spot-the-trap type

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