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The Balloon in the Accelerating Car (illustration)
FILE No.148Unsolved

The Balloon in the Accelerating Car

Difficulty ★★☆about 5 minEveryday MysteryInertiaAir
A helium balloon in a closed car: which way does it move when the car accelerates?

Case Record

In a car with the windows fully closed, a helium balloon, not tied to the floor, floats near the ceiling. The car accelerates forward.

Your question

Which way does the balloon move?

Case Files

Diagram

The car seen from the sideHelium balloon (near the ceiling)FrontBackWindows shut; the balloon is not tied to the floor. The car starts movingforward.Does the balloon move forward or backward?
Diagram

Hints

If you get stuck, open the hints one at a time, in order.

Open hint 1

What does the air in the car do when it starts moving?

Open hint 2

Is a helium balloon lighter or heavier than air?

Open hint 3

A light object moves toward the denser or the thinner air?

Solve It

Your question

Which way does the balloon move?

Choose the answer closest to the truth.

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The Truth

Forward

The answer is "Forward."

When the car accelerates, the air in the car is pressed toward the back and bunches up there. When air gathers at the back, the pressure at the back rises, and the balloon, which is lighter than air, is pushed toward the front, where the pressure is lower.

A balloon moving backward would be the behavior of something heavier than air.

When the car starts, the air insideAir piles up:high pressureLow pressureFrontAir is pushed toward the back. The balloon, lighter than air, is pushedto the low-pressure front.
Diagram of the solution

Key Points

  • Air has inertia too
  • The balloon is lighter than air
  • Light objects move toward lower density

Why people get fooled

Because you think it will move backward like luggage.

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