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The Labels That Are All Wrong (illustration)
FILE No.31Unsolved

The Labels That Are All Wrong

Difficulty ★☆☆about 3 minLogic PuzzleAll wrongElimination
Three evidence bags, every label wrong. From which bag does one item reveal everything?

Case Record

While sorting seized items, it was found that the labels on the evidence bags had all been swapped around.

There are three bags. Each holds one of "rings only," "earrings only" or "a mix of rings and earrings," and the labels show the same three kinds. However, it is certain that all three labels are wrong.

To check the contents you may take out just one item from a bag. You may only look at the one item; you cannot look inside the bag.

Your question

From which bag should you take it so that one draw tells you the contents of all three bags?

Case Files

Evidence

Diagram

The three bagsBagLabelARings onlyBEarrings onlyCMixedAll labels are wrong. You may take out only one item.
Diagram

Timeline

  1. The labels on the evidence bags are found to have been swapped.
  2. All three labels are wrong.

Hints

If you get stuck, open the hints one at a time, in order.

Open hint 1

Use the condition that all the labels are wrong.

Open hint 2

What cannot be in the bag labeled "mixed"?

Open hint 3

Once one bag is settled, what happens to the rest?

Solve It

Your question

From which bag should you take it so that one draw tells you the contents of all three bags?

Choose the answer closest to the truth.

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The Truth

The bag labeled "mixed"

The answer is the bag labeled "mixed."

That label is wrong, so the bag is not mixed; it holds either rings only or earrings only. Take one item from it. If a ring comes out, this bag is "rings only."

The other two bags are then "earrings only" and "mixed." The bag labeled "earrings only" has a wrong label, so it cannot be earrings only, so it is "mixed." The last bag is "earrings only."

Take one item from bag CC’s label is wrong: it is rings only or earrings onlyIf a ring comes out, C is "rings only"Then B is "mixed" and A is "earrings only"
Diagram of the solution

Key Points

  • Use "all wrong" as a strong condition
  • Start with the bag whose contents narrow to two options
  • Once one is fixed, the rest follow by elimination

Why people get fooled

You think you have to check all three and never look for the bag that gives the strongest clue.

Similar tricks

  • The type narrowed by an "all wrong" condition
  • The type of checking with the fewest tries

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